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A case of fatal multi-organ inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination - PMC
"1. Introduction
2.4. Diagnosis
A diagnosis of vaccine-related multiple-organ inflammation was made based on the absence of bacterial or viral infection, lack of a past medical history suggestive of autoimmune disease, no allergic reaction, and no drug exposure other than the vaccine. Myopericarditis is a form of multiple-organ inflammation. Although pneumonia is involved, pneumonia alone is rarely a cause of sudden death, and the presence of erythrocyte-laden macrophages as well as congestive edema of the lungs on histology suggested signs of heart failure
3.1. Death after COVID-19 vaccination:
Vaccine development and its widespread application are key elements in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 vaccine is now used worldwide and has contributed to the containment of the pandemic. However, adverse events caused by vaccines have been a problem. A forensic examination for the evaluation of the association between vaccination and death was conducted in cases of post-vaccination deaths [1], [2], [4]. The majority of these cases were negatively associated with vaccination; however, anaphylaxis, vaccine-induced immunothrombotic thrombocytopenia, myocarditis, and pericarditis have all been listed as having a suspected association with vaccination and vaccination-related death [2], [4]. Murata et al. also reported four cases of death after vaccination, in which the only autopsy findings were organ congestion with no evidence of myocarditis. RNA analysis of the blood showed that neutrophil degranulation and cytokine signaling were upregulated in the control group, which led them to conclude that the deaths were due to cytokine storm
3.2. Myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination
Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination have increased since the report by Albert et al. [6]. The frequency of occurrence of myocarditis and pericarditis has been reported in a US military survey including 23 cases of myocarditis/2,800,000 persons with a mean age of 25 years, all males, and no deaths [7]. A total of 40 U.S. hospitals reported 20 cases/2,000,287 with myocarditis and 37 cases/2,000,287 with pericarditis; both groups showed male predilection, mean age of onset of 36 years for myocarditis and 59 years for pericarditis, and no deaths in either group [8]. The Nordic cohort study reported that myocarditis occurred in 1,077/23,122,522 patients and pericarditis in 1,149/23,122,522 patients; both were more common in young men aged 16–24 years and most commonly occurred after the second vaccination [9]. Thus, post-vaccination myocarditis and pericarditis had incidence rates of 0.0008–0.0047% and 0.0019–0.0050%, respectively. Although usually mild, these conditions can occur; however, severe cases resulting in death are rare. As of September 2022, the number of COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Japan was approximately 103 million for the second dose and 82 million for the third dose [10]. Based on the above report, at least 800 cases of myocarditis and approximately 1,500 cases of pericarditis occurred after vaccination in Japan. Since the incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis is reported to be higher with second dose of the vaccine than with first dose [11], third dose of the vaccine are likely to further increase the frequency of occurrence of the disease.
The mechanism by which the COVID-19 vaccine causes myocarditis and pericarditis is unclear; however, several hypotheses have been proposed. The mRNA vaccine results in modifications to the nucleoside to reduce its antigenicity. In some individuals, mRNA is recognized as an antigen, resulting in the activation of the inflammatory cascades and immune pathways; in such cases, myocarditis occurs as part of a systemic inflammatory response"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10027302/
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are available worldwide. Since their introduction, post-vaccination deaths have been reported, and their association with the vaccine has been forensically examined [1], [2]. Post-vaccination myocarditis and pericarditis have been increasingly reported, with male adolescents reported to have a higher incidence of pericarditis with a good prognosis, while middle-aged and older patients are more likely to have severe myocarditis. In this study, we report an autopsy case of a 14-year-old girl who died unexpectedly 2 days after receiving the third dose of BNT1262b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
2.4. Diagnosis
A diagnosis of vaccine-related multiple-organ inflammation was made based on the absence of bacterial or viral infection, lack of a past medical history suggestive of autoimmune disease, no allergic reaction, and no drug exposure other than the vaccine. Myopericarditis is a form of multiple-organ inflammation. Although pneumonia is involved, pneumonia alone is rarely a cause of sudden death, and the presence of erythrocyte-laden macrophages as well as congestive edema of the lungs on histology suggested signs of heart failure
3.1. Death after COVID-19 vaccination:
Vaccine development and its widespread application are key elements in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 vaccine is now used worldwide and has contributed to the containment of the pandemic. However, adverse events caused by vaccines have been a problem. A forensic examination for the evaluation of the association between vaccination and death was conducted in cases of post-vaccination deaths [1], [2], [4]. The majority of these cases were negatively associated with vaccination; however, anaphylaxis, vaccine-induced immunothrombotic thrombocytopenia, myocarditis, and pericarditis have all been listed as having a suspected association with vaccination and vaccination-related death [2], [4]. Murata et al. also reported four cases of death after vaccination, in which the only autopsy findings were organ congestion with no evidence of myocarditis. RNA analysis of the blood showed that neutrophil degranulation and cytokine signaling were upregulated in the control group, which led them to conclude that the deaths were due to cytokine storm
3.2. Myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination
Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination have increased since the report by Albert et al. [6]. The frequency of occurrence of myocarditis and pericarditis has been reported in a US military survey including 23 cases of myocarditis/2,800,000 persons with a mean age of 25 years, all males, and no deaths [7]. A total of 40 U.S. hospitals reported 20 cases/2,000,287 with myocarditis and 37 cases/2,000,287 with pericarditis; both groups showed male predilection, mean age of onset of 36 years for myocarditis and 59 years for pericarditis, and no deaths in either group [8]. The Nordic cohort study reported that myocarditis occurred in 1,077/23,122,522 patients and pericarditis in 1,149/23,122,522 patients; both were more common in young men aged 16–24 years and most commonly occurred after the second vaccination [9]. Thus, post-vaccination myocarditis and pericarditis had incidence rates of 0.0008–0.0047% and 0.0019–0.0050%, respectively. Although usually mild, these conditions can occur; however, severe cases resulting in death are rare. As of September 2022, the number of COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Japan was approximately 103 million for the second dose and 82 million for the third dose [10]. Based on the above report, at least 800 cases of myocarditis and approximately 1,500 cases of pericarditis occurred after vaccination in Japan. Since the incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis is reported to be higher with second dose of the vaccine than with first dose [11], third dose of the vaccine are likely to further increase the frequency of occurrence of the disease.
The mechanism by which the COVID-19 vaccine causes myocarditis and pericarditis is unclear; however, several hypotheses have been proposed. The mRNA vaccine results in modifications to the nucleoside to reduce its antigenicity. In some individuals, mRNA is recognized as an antigen, resulting in the activation of the inflammatory cascades and immune pathways; in such cases, myocarditis occurs as part of a systemic inflammatory response"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10027302/
The numbers show a fairly low risk of side effects from the vaccine, with death being rare. The vaccine is not without risk, but based on what I have read, the disease is about a thousand times more likely to cause the same problems. In the risk versus benefit analysis, you are better off with the vaccine.
However, the pandemic is almost over. I don't know what will happen if people stop getting vaccinated, but given the small risk from vaccination, many people may choose not to get it.
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